1380s in England

Events from the 1380s in England.

Incumbents

Monarch - Richard II of England

Events

• 1380
  • 16 January - Parliament declares Richard II of age to rule.^[1]
  • July to September - Hundred Years' War: The King's uncle, Thomas of Woodstock, raids France.^[1]
  • November - New poll tax imposed.^[1]
  • John Wycliffe begins to translate the Bible into English.^[1]
• 1381
  • January - Hundred Years' War: Brittany surrenders to France, although England retains control of Brest.^[1]
  • 13 June - English peasants' revolt of 1381: Rebels from Kent and Essex, led by Wat Tyler and Jack Straw, meet at Blackheath. There, the rebels are encouraged by a sermon by renegade priest, John Ball.^[1]
  • 14 June - Peasants' Revolt: Rebels destroy John of Gaunt's Savoy Palace and storm the Tower of London, killing the Archbishop of Canterbury and the Lord Chancellor. King Richard meets the leaders of the revolt and agrees to reforms such as fair rents and the abolition of serfdom.^[2]
  • 15 June - Peasants' Revolt: During further negotiations, Wat Tyler is murdered by the King's entourage. Noble forces subsequently overpower the rebel army. The rebel leaders are eventually captured and executed and Richard revokes his concessions.^[3]
  • Late June to July - Peasant revolts spread to St Albans and East Anglia, but are quickly suppressed.^[1] Norfolk rebels defeated at the Battle of North Walsham.^[4]
  • 30 July - William Courtenay enthroned as Archbishop of Canterbury.
  • Parliament passes the first Navigation Act.^[2]
• 1382
  • 14 January - Marriage of King Richard II and Anne of Bohemia.^[1]
  • 21 May - The Earthquake Synod is held in London.
  • Archbishop of Canterbury William Courtenay attacks the Lollard movement led by John Wycliffe.^[2]
  • Winchester College is founded.^[3]
  • Geoffrey Chaucer writes Parliament of Fowls.^[1]
• 1383
  • 16 May - Bishop of Norwich leads a crusade against supporters of the Avignon Pope in Flanders.^[1]
  • October - Bishop of Norwich impeached, against the wishes of Parliament.^[1]
• 1384
  • January - Hundred Years' War: John of Gaunt makes a temporary truce with France.^[1]
  • Alchemist John Dombleday writes Stella Alchimiae.^[1]
• 1385
  • 14 August - Portuguese troops and their English allies defeat those of Castile at the Battle of Aljubarrota.^[2]
  • 31 August - King Richard II begins an invasion of Scotland.^[5]
  • August - English burn Holyrood and Edinburgh, but return home without a decisive battle.^[1]
  • King Richard II tries to rule the country without Parliament.^[2]
  • Bodiam Castle is built in East Sussex.
• 1386
  • 8 March - Richard recognises John of Gaunt as King of Castile, by right of his second marriage to Constanza of Castile in 1371, and grants him control of all royal lands in Ireland.^[1].
  • 9 May - King John I of Portugal and King Richard II ratify the Treaty of Windsor.^[2]
  • July - John of Gaunt leaves England to make good his claim to the throne of Castile.^[1]
  • October - The Wonderful Parliament is held, and appoints a commission to oversee the court and government.^[1]
  • (approx.) - Salisbury cathedral clock is started. By the 21st century it will be the oldest working clock in the world.^[6]
• 1387
  • 24 March - Hundred Years' War: A Franco-Castilian fleet is defeated off Margate.
  • 14 November - A group of powerful nobles known as Lords Appellant raise arms against the King, demanding the arrest of members of the royal court.^[1]
  • 20 December - Battle of Radcot Bridge: Lords Appellant defeat Richard's army. The king is imprisoned until he agrees replace all the councillors in his court.^[1]
  • Geoffrey Chaucer begins writing The Canterbury Tales.^[2]
• 1388
  • 3 February - The entire court of King Richard II are convicted of treason by the Merciless Parliament, under the influence of the Lords Appellant, and are all either executed or exiled. Richard II effectively becomes a puppet of the Lords Appellant.^[1]
  • 5 August - Battle of Otterburn: a Scottish army, led by James Douglas, defeats an English army, capturing the their leader, Harry Hotspur. Douglas is killed during the battle.^[2]
  • The completion of the Wyclif Bible by John Purvey and the beginning of prosecution of Wyclif's followers, known as the Lollards.
  • John of Gaunt makes peace with Castile and gives up his claim to the Castilian throne by allowing his daughter Katherine of Lancaster to marry Prince Henry, the eldest son of John I of Castile.
• 1389
  • 3 May - King Richard retakes control of the government.^[1]
  • Hundred Years' War: England and France sign a truce, ending the second phase of the war.^[2]

Births

• 1380
  • John de Sutton V, nobleman (died 1406)
• 1381
  • 13 October - Thomas FitzAlan, 12th Earl of Arundel, politician (died 1415)
• 1382
  • Richard de Beauchamp, 13th Earl of Warwick (died 1439)
• 1383
  • Anne of Gloucester, noblewoman (died 1438)
• 1385
  • John FitzAlan, 13th Earl of Arundel (died 1421)
  • Margaret Holland, noblewoman (died 1429)
• 1387
  • 9 August - King Henry V (died 1422)
• 1388
  • 29 September - Thomas of Lancaster, 1st Duke of Clarence, second son of King Henry IV (d. 1421)
  • Juliana Berners, writer
  • Thomas Montacute, 4th Earl of Salisbury (died 1428)
• 1389
  • 20 June - John of Lancaster, 1st Duke of Bedford, regent (d. 1435)

Deaths

• 1381
  • 14 June - Simon Sudbury, Archbishop of Canterbury
  • 15 June - John Cavendish, Lord Chief Justice
  • 15 June - Wat Tyler, rebel
  • 15 July - John Ball, renegade priest
  • 27 December - Edmund de Mortimer, 3rd Earl of March, politician
• 1383
  • 8 June - Thomas de Ros, 5th Baron de Ros, Crusader (born 1338)
• 1384
  • 31 December - John Wycliffe, theologian, Bible translator and Catholic reform campaigner (born 1320s)
• 1385
  • Joan of Kent, wife of Edward, the Black Prince (born 1328)
• 1386
  • James Audley, knight
  • William Langland, poet (born 1332)
• 1387
  • Peter de la Mare, politician
• 1388
  • Simon de Burley, Lord Warden of the Cinque Ports
  • Thomas Usk, author

References

See also